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An proxy is also known for its role as a proxy. is a program that acts to act as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. In the absence of a proxy server, a user would be able to send a request to any resource directly to the server, and servers would serve direct to users who requested the resource. This is a simple method to grasp and use however the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages such as more speed, privacy and security, among others. As an additional layer of pass-through proxy servers act as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.

The consensus is that the system of hardware for servers, paired with proxy software is often referred as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically categorized as software, and specifically with respect to servers on the internet. This article will provide a brief overview of the two major types of proxy: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage, which can be confusing because of the identical namestamp.

This article will give you an idea of the types of proxies, their subtypes, and their value for the most common setups. By reading this article, you'll be able to understand the situations when you may benefit from a proxy, and make the right choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also referred to as an open proxy is a proxy for users who wish to transmit a request through the internet to a source server. In this scenario, every request made by the client will rather be directed via the forward proxy. A forward proxy that is in place of the client will look into the request. It first will determine if the client is allowed to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then either deny the request or forward it to the server from which it originated. The client will not be allowed an internet connection directly; it is only allowed access to the information that the forward proxy allows the access.

One of the most frequent uses for forward proxies is increased privacy or security on internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of an individual client, and during that process it may use a different IP address in comparison to the original IP address that is used by the user.

Depending on how it's been set up, and how it is configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features and allow you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on the your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems to provide central security as well as permission-based access to the internet, for instance at a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through a common forward proxy layer an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet. The web is controlled by a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple machines with different settings and types of users, the firewall may be placed an intermediary layer.

Keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be manually configured for use while reverse proxies could be disregarded from the clients. According to the type of IP address of the client's connection to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and security can either be provided or rendered transparent.

There are a myriad of choices to be considered when deciding on forward proxy options:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx is a popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Squid: A free and open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. The option does not include the entire web server. We recommend you read our article on how to install Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to configure an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is a web server, which handles the requests of customers on behalf of the server. The server could function as a single server or as a series of servers. It could also comprise an application server, like Gunicorn. In any of these situations it is possible to send a request via the web in general. In the majority of cases the request will be sent directly to the web server, along with the resources the client in need of. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary and separates your server from communications with the web's public.

From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective, using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to an internet server direct. It's functionally the same but the client isn't able to discern the distinction. The client makes a request for the resource, and receives it without any additional configuration needed on the part of the client.

Reverse proxies offer features such as:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  Directing incoming traffic using rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching is now available.
  
  

Central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy solutions, reverse proxy providers provide this feature to the server layer and it is not available to the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls at the server layer which might contain many servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security is directed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of dealing with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients not connected to web servers lets them focus on only the needs of their customers.

In the case of multiple servers being hosted through a reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests towards the servers. There could be multiple web servers operating on the same server, providing different kinds of resources or a mixture of both. They may use an HTTP protocol as a standard web server, however they can additionally include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that routes clients to particular servers based on the requested source, and to observe specific rules regarding traffic volume.

Reverse proxies also can make use of their position before web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set by caching rules to avoid from reaching web servers with each time a request is made. There are solutions offering the option of serving static content without needing to connect with the webserver in any way. Furthermore, reverse proxy can help compress these assets.

The renowned Nginx web server is a very popular reverse proxy option. Although the Apache web server has reverse proxy capabilities, it is an additional feature that is available to Apache However, Nginx was originally designed to and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic and could be confusing because both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. Instead, a better way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to study the requirements of the app you're building.

Reverse proxy is a crucial aspect in the design of a system to support web applications on the internet. They act as your servers whenever you connect to the Internet.

Forward proxy is useful to display customers' information to your personal use or for use in a working environment. They are a way to display the information of your client every time you interact with them on the internet.

A distinction based on use case instead of focusing solely on similar naming conventions can help avoid confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we clarified the definition of a proxy, with two kinds of proxy being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications and an examination of the beneficial attributes were utilized to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in exploring the role of proxy servers, you can learn how you can configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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