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A proxy is is also known as a proxy server software which serves as an intermediary between a client and server via the internet. Without the need for a proxy, a user could submit a request to servers directly and servers would then serve requests directly for the resource requested by the client. While this is a simple process to grasp and use the addition of proxy servers could result in benefits like enhanced performance, privacy, security, and many more. As an additional layer of pass-through, proxies act as a gatekeeper of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combined combination of server hardware and the software for proxy installation is typically called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are generally referred to as software, and as in the context of web servers. The article will offer an explanation of the two main types, namely which are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxy services, what their subtypes, as well as the ways they can be beneficial for the common setups. After reading this article, you'll understand the situations when it's beneficial to utilize a proxy and decide on the best option between forward and reverse proxy, in any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known in the context of an open proxy acts as the representative of the client in making an online request to the server that made it. In this scenario the attempts to make requests by the user will instead be routed directly to the forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy, on behalf of the client will review the request. It first will determine if the client can make requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either deny requests or redirect them to the server it originated from. The client isn't capable of having an internet connection directly. It can access only what the forward proxy permits the client to access.




The primary reason people use forward proxies is to improve privacy or anonymity on internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet instead of an individual client, and in this way, it may utilize an alternate IP address to the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it's been setup the forward proxy will offer a range of features and permit you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and access based upon permissions, like at work. If all internet traffic flows through an open front proxy, an administrator can allow only a handful of users access to the internet through a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls at the client layer which can involve many machines with different settings and users, there is a way to set up a firewall set up at the proxy layer that is front.




Note that forward proxies need to be set up manually for their use while reverse proxies may be omitted by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is transmitted to the origin server through the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or left transparent.




There are several alternatives to look into for forward proxies.




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open source forward proxy which uses it's HTTP protocol. The option does not include the entire web server application. You can read our tutorial on how you can install Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante: A forward proxy that uses using the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP so that it is more suited for cases such as with peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to know how to build a Dante proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an agent for the web server, taking care of incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server can comprise a server or multiple servers. It could also function as an application server, like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will originate from a user on the internet in general. The majority of the time the request is made directly to the website server hosting the information that the user is requesting. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to shield Web servers and prevent direct interaction with the web's public.




From the point of the client's point of view the use of a reverse proxy is no any different from working with web servers in direct contact. It's basically the same, but clients aren't able discern the difference. Client makes request for the resource and it then gets it, without any further configuration required for the end user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




A central layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound according to rules you can define.


New caching functionality has been added.




Although central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer that is on the webserver, and not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level that may include multiple servers that have various configurations, the majority of security for firewalls is centered upon the reverse proxy. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients off of web servers allows firewalls to focus on supplying resources.




In the event of multiple servers that are in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing which requests are directed to which server. There may be several web servers providing the same content, providing different types of services or a combination of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol exactly the same way as an ordinary web server. However, they can also be equipped with protocol for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy software to redirect visitors to specific server depending on the service requested or to comply with certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their positioning before web servers by providing the capability to store data. Massive static resources can be created with caching rules to avoid having to contact web servers for every request, with some solutions even allowing users to serve static content directly without having to contact the web server even once. Additionally, the reverse proxy is able to deal with compression on these resources.




The renowned Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy service. While Apache has a reverse proxy solution however, it is a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also comes fitted with an reverse proxy option as an additional option for Apache unlike Nginx was initially designed for and focuses on reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use-cases



Because "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both types of proxies handle requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're working on.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you are creating a solution for serving web-based applications via the internet. Reverse proxy servers represent your website when you connect to the web.




A forward proxy is helpful when it is displayed in front of clients for your personal use and in professional environment. They represent your client's web traffic during any internet-based interaction.




The practice of separating by use case, instead of using the same names will help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy, with two kinds: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical application scenarios and an exploration of beneficial attributes were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the use of proxy servers then you should learn how you can configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy for Apache in Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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