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"proxy" refers to a software "proxy" means a proxy frequently referred to as proxy server software that functions in the role of intermediary between a client and server via the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users can send a request for an online server and the server would then serve direct to the requester. Although this method is easy to understand and use, proxies can provide benefits such as increased performance as well as security and privacy and so on. As a pass-through layer, the proxy functions as a guardian to the internet between users and servers.




It is generally accepted that the set of server hardware that is paired with the software to install proxy servers is often known as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers which are usually described as software specifically, in relation with web server. We will present a summary of the two main types of proxy servers: a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type comes with its own use case, and is often misunderstood due to the overlapping terms.




This article will give you an idea of the what proxies as well as their subtypes are and the ways in which they can be beneficial in various configurations. If you read this article, you'll discover situations where using proxies can be beneficial and identify the most appropriate choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to as the open proxy is the representative of the client who is trying to relay requests via the internet to a source server. In this case every attempt to send requests by the user will be sent via an forward proxy. This forward proxy in place of the client examines the request. It will then determine whether or not the client is able to send requests via this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to reject the request or send it back to its server that originated the request. The client isn't able to have direct connection to the internet. It is only able to connect to what the forward proxy permits the client to access.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or security while using the internet. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet instead of a client, and in this process, it uses an IP address that is different from the IP address that was originally used by the client.




Based on the way it's set up depending on how it's configured forward proxy can offer a variety of features that allow you to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any restrictions based on your geographical location.




Forward proxies can also be used for security systems that are centralized and have access is based on permissions, such as in a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator could limit access for only a limited number of users to the internet that is then filtered through a common firewall. Instead of setting up filters for client layers, that can be utilized by a number of computers that have different settings and types of users, you can have an firewall that is located in the front proxy layer.




Take note of the fact that forward proxies require manual configuration to be utilized, whereas reverse proxy servers can remain unnoticed by clients. Based on whether or not the IP address of the user is relayed to an origin server by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.




There are a variety of options to consider for forward proxy services.




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver that includes forward proxy features.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not included with the whole web server. Follow our steps on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it more suitable for use instances such as peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to know how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy serves in the capacity of an intermediary for server on the internet, that handles customer requests on behalf of. It could represent a single, or multiple servers. Additionally, it could be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any case, a request would come via the internet in general. Typically, the request is sent directly to the web server which hosts the resources that the client requires of. Instead, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates this webserver from all direct contact with the internet's public.




From the viewpoint of the client an individual's viewpoint the process of utilizing reverse proxy is the same than interacting with the server on its own. It's the exact same thing, however the client cannot see the distinction. Client makes a request for the resource and then receives it, without any additional configuration needed for the customer.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Incoming traffic is directed by rules you have set.


A new feature for caching is now available.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature to only the server layer and they do not offer this feature to clients. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the server level which could contain several servers, each with various configurations, the bulk of security for firewalls is concentrated at the reverse proxy level. In addition, removing the burden of interacting with a firewall and connecting to client requests off web servers allows firewalls to concentrate on providing the requirements of their clients.




When there is a multitude of servers being hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is accountable for the way requests are routed through the server that is hosting them. Many web servers may be offering the identical service, providing various kinds of resources or a combination of the two. These servers may use their HTTP protocol to perform the role of a standard web server, however, they may also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to direct users to specific servers depending on the resource requested or to abide by certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also gain from their placement in front of web servers, by providing caching capabilities. Large static assets may be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with every request. There are solutions allowing you to serve directly static assets without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally, reverse proxy is able to compress these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server functions as a powerful reverse proxy service. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy functionality which is an additional feature available to Apache However, Nginx was originally designed to specifically focus on reverse proxy features.



The difference in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality and misleading distinctions between "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxy servers handle both requests as well as responses. An alternative method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is useful in the development of a method to connect web-based applications to the internet. They are your web servers when you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy can be helpful when you are before customers to use for personal purposes or in a professional setting. They serve as the proxy for your client when you interact with the internet.




Distinguishing by use case instead of solely focusing on the common naming conventions will aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain the meaning of a proxy with two kinds: reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and a review of the beneficial features were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about proxy servers, you should read our guide on how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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