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proxy, also referred to as proxy, also known as proxy or proxy server a server software that acts in the middle between client and server on the internet. Without an intermediary, a user could make a request to purchase an item direct to a server and servers would serve the requested resource directly back to the user. Although this method is easy to comprehend and implement, proxies can provide benefits like improved speed, privacy, security, and much more. A pass-through layer proxy serves as a security barrier on the internet between servers and clients.




In general generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware with installed proxy software is called a proxy server. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically understood as software, and those used together with web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two main types of proxy servers, which are forward and reverse proxy. forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique application scenario, and it is often misunderstood because of the same terms.




This article will provide you with an idea of the different types of proxy services and the subtypes are, as well as how they are useful in typical configurations. In this article, you will be able to recognize the situations in which you can benefit from a proxy and determine the most appropriate alternative between forward and reverse proxy for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy often referred to as open proxy, also known as open proxy is an agent for the user who wants to transmit a request over the internet to an the server which originated it. In this scenario it is the case that all requests made by the client should be sent direct towards the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in position of the customer will review the request. It will determine whether the client is able to handle requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then refuse requests or redirect it to the original server. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet but it is able to access the information that forward proxy grants to access.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet on behalf of clients, and in the process, it will use an alternative IP address to the original IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it was configured in accordance with the way it was configured forward proxy can offer you a range of functions as well as the ability to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security, as well as permission-based access, like at work. If all traffic on the internet is routed through an open forward proxy layer administrators can allow access only to a few people to connect on the internet, which is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which may comprise several machines that have different user and environmental settings, a firewall may be installed in the front proxy layer.




Remember that forward proxies have to be set up manually before they are able to be used to use them, while reverse proxies are able to not be seen by users. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is passed to the server that originated it via the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or made transparent.




There are several possibilities to consider for forward proxies:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not a complete web server service. Read our tutorial on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP to make it more suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You might also want to know how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. The web server can be one or more servers. Additionally, it can represent an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request is made by a user who is on the internet at large. The majority of the time the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the data the user wants. Contrarily reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate Web servers from direct interactions with the internet's open.




From the point of view of the person's perspective, working via reverse proxy is any different from working with Web server directly. It works the same as the web server and the client cannot discern the distinction. Clients can make a request for the resource and it is then given the resource without any additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies grant certain features, such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is incoming according to rules you have set.


Added functionality for caching.




Although centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse-proxies provide this feature to the web server layer not the client layer. In lieu of maintaining firewalls in the web server layer, which can contain several servers with different configurations the majority of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the elimination of the obligation to interface with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients from web servers enables them to concentrate entirely on meeting the requirements of their customers.




If there are more than one servers running through reverse proxy, the reverse proxy could be also responsible for directing the requests that are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers hosting identical resources, each of them offering a different kind of services or a mixture of the two. These servers may be running an HTTP protocol to operate as a standard internet server, however they could also incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. There is the possibility to set up reverse proxy in order redirecting visitors to a particular server based on the type of resource they're looking for, or follow certain guidelines regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also utilize their positioning before web servers by delivering the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be in a position to be set up using rules for caching to avoid getting into web servers with every request. There are solutions offering the possibility of providing static files without having to connect directly to the website server. Furthermore, the reverse proxy will manage the compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx webserver is also an extremely well-known reverse proxy choice. Although Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy service however, the Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy features, it is an additional feature that is part of Apache but Nginx was initially designed and focused on the reverse proxy function.



The difference between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, they also create false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing as both types of proxies can respond to requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method of separating the forward and reverse proxies would be to look at the requirements of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be helpful when building a solution to deliver web applications to the internet. They act as your servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when it is put before the client for private use, or in a work setting. They act as your client's proxy every time you connect to the internet.




Distinguishing by use case rather than focusing solely on the same naming conventions will ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article defined what a proxy is along with two types of proxy, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of useful features were utilized to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxies, you should check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet service and reverse proxy in Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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