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The word "proxy" is a reference to the term "proxy" which refers to proxy as well as a proxy server a server software that acts as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without proxy, a user can send a request directly to a server, then the server could return the requested resource directly at the requester's expense. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and utilize, adding proxies offers advantages like improved performance and privacy, security and much more. As a further layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security layer for the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the system of server hardware with proxy software installed is also often referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on the types of proxies that are typically thought to be software, and specifically in relation to servers on the internet. The article will provide a description of the two main types of proxies, which are forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different use case, often confused because of the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with the understanding of the different types of proxies, the subtypes they are, as well as the way they work with a range of configurations. Through this article, you'll be able to identify situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and decide on the right choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy often called an open proxy serves as an intermediary for clients trying to make a connection via the internet to connect to a source server. In this case, the entire attempt to send requests from the user is instead sent via the forward proxy. Forward proxy that acts in place as the customer, is able to look at the request. In the beginning, it will decide if this client is able to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then deny requests or redirect it to the original server. The client isn't capable of having direct access to the internet. It is only able to access what forward proxy allows it to access.




A common use case of forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet using the user and, in doing so, it may use an alternative IP address in addition to the client's initial IP address.




Based on how it's been configured according to the way it was configured forward proxy may offer a wide range of options and permit you to:




Do not click on ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that rely on central security and permission-based access like in a workplace. When all internet traffic passes through a forward proxy open layer administrators can allow access to only a few users to the internet. This is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the layer of clients that could be used by multiple computer systems with different configurations and users and environments, a firewall can be installed at the proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be configured manually and reverse proxies may not be noticed by the user. Based on the type of the IP address that a user is transmitted to the server where it was received by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are a number of options to consider for forward proxy possibilities:




Apache A popular open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It's not the full web server system. We have a step-by-step guide on how to install Squid proxy to enable private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which is more suitable for use situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look into how to set up the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary between web servers, which handles incoming requests from customers on its behalf. This server can function as a single server or a number of servers. It could also be used for application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any event, a request would come via the internet at large. Typically, the request will go directly to the server, containing the information that the user is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary shielding the server from direct contact via the web's public.




From a user's point of perception, the experience with reverse proxy isn't a lot different than working with the server on its own. It's exactly the same thing, however clients aren't able discern the difference. The client is able to make a request for the resource and it receive it, without any additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer options like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


The direction of traffic coming in is by rules you have set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this feature at the layer of web servers but not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers that could comprise multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security can be focused at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the hassle of dealing with firewalls and responding to requests from customers outside of web servers allows them to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers operating through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy manages which requests go to which server. There may be several web servers providing the exact identical service, but each providing different kinds of resources, or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol, which is a standard web server. But, they may also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy servers to redirect users to a specific server based on the service requested, or to follow specific guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their positioning prior to web servers by providing the ability to cache information. The large static files can be managed by caching rules so that they avoid websites from being hit on every request. Certain solutions allow you to provide static files directly without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally the reverse proxy may manage the compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server can also be an efficient reverse proxy solution. While you can use Nginx, the Apache web server has a reverse proxy, it is an additional option for Apache and Nginx was originally designed for and specifically designed for reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing the use of reverse and forward proxy Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxy can handle requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies is to examine the requirements of the app that you are creating.




A reverse proxy is beneficial when designing a solution to serve web applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers for all interactions over the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is displayed before customers for personal use, or in a corporate environment. They represent the client's information whenever you interact on the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on the common names can aid you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the purpose of a proxy with two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Examples of practical use along with an examination of beneficial attributes were used to identify the two kinds of proxy: forward and reverse. If you're keen to know more about the possibilities of proxies then we recommend you read our guide on how to set up Nginx to function as an Internet server and reverse proxy on Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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